Verified Scientific Sources
Every calculator on AnimalCalculators.com is backed by established textbooks, government consensus standards, and peer-reviewed veterinary literature.
Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats
Authors: National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Animal Nutrition (2006)
National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
WSAVA Global Nutrition Guidelines & Calorie Calculator Reference
Authors: World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Global Nutrition Committee (2021)
Journal of Small Animal Practice
Official Publication: Pet Food Regulations & Nutrient Profiles
Authors: Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) (2023)
AAFCO Official Publication
Ross 308 Broiler Performance Objectives & Nutrition Specifications
Authors: Aviagen Technical Services (2022)
Aviagen Broiler Management Guide
Cobb500 Broiler Management Guide & FCR Standards
Authors: Cobb-Vantress Technical Services (2022)
Cobb-Vantress Inc.
Nutrient Requirements of Horses (Sixth Revised Edition)
Authors: National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Horses (2007)
National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares
Authors: Henneke, D.R., Potter, G.D., Kreider, J.L., and Yeates, B.F. (1983)
Equine Veterinary Journal, 15(4), 371-372
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle (Eighth Revised Edition)
Authors: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) (2016)
National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
Estimating the Weight of Beef Cattle from Body Measurements
Authors: Shaeffer, E.A. / Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station (1930)
KSU Agricultural Extension Bulletin & USDA Circular
Poultry Development Review: Production Performance Standards & Efficiency Metrics
Authors: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (2018)
FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines
Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids
Authors: National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants (2007)
National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
The Merck Veterinary Manual (11th Edition)
Authors: Aiello, S.E. and Moses, M.A. (Eds.) (2020)
Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook (9th Edition)
Authors: Plumb, D.C. (2018)
Wiley-Blackwell
AAHA Weight Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats
Authors: American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) Task Force (2014)
Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 50(1), 1-13
Reptile Enclosure and Environmental Husbandry Standards
Authors: Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians (ARAV) (2022)
Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery
AAFP and ISFM Feline Environmental Needs Guidelines
Authors: Ellis, S.L., Rodan, I., Carney, H.C., et al. (2013)
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 15(3), 219-230
Feeding Horses in Cold Weather and Estimating Winter Hay
Authors: Martinson, K., and Hathaway, M. (2021)
University of Minnesota Extension Equine Nutrition Bulletin
Management Guide for the Backyard Flock: Housing, Space & Biosecurity
Authors: University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Poultry Science Department (2023)
UGA Extension Bulletin 1456
Quality of Life Scale Helps Make Final Call (HHHHHMM Scale)
Authors: Villalobos, A. E. (2011)
Veterinary Practice News, 23(1), 38-39
Guidelines for the Control and Treatment of Canine Intestinal Parasites
Authors: Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) (2023)
CAPC Veterinary Recommendation Protocols
2021 AAFP Feline Life Stage Guidelines & Pediatric Development
Authors: Quimby, J., Gowland, S., Carney, H. C., et al. (2021)
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 23(3), 211-233
National Range and Pasture Handbook: Grazing Management & Forage Harvest Efficiency
Authors: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) (2020)
USDA-NRCS Handbook Title 190
Dewormer Dosages and Anthelmintic Administration in Goats & Small Ruminants
Authors: American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control (ACSRPC) (2022)
ACSRPC Technical White Paper Series
Regulations for Fast CAT (Coursing Ability Test) and Title Accrual
Authors: American Kennel Club (AKC) Performance Events Department (2024)
AKC Performance Rulebook Series
Feline Nutrition: Obligate Carnivore Anatomy, PMR Ratios, and Taurine Requirements
Authors: Feline Nutrition Foundation & NRC Small Animal Board (2022)
National Academies Press & Feline Nutrition Series
Lifetime and Annual Pet Ownership Cost Analysis
Authors: American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) (2023)
ASPCA Pet Care Planning Reports
Xylitol (Birch Bark Extract) Toxicosis in Dogs: Clinical Signs and Dose Thresholds
Authors: ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) Toxicology Team (2021)
Veterinary Medicine Clinical Toxicology Briefs
Canine Gestation Timeline, Fetal Development, and Whelping Management
Authors: American Kennel Club (AKC) Veterinary Health Team (2022)
AKC Canine Health & Breeding Advisory
Canine Growth Velocity Curves and Pediatric Nutrition Guidelines
Authors: Purina Institute Research Centre (2022)
Veterinary Nutritional Sciences Reports
Canine Physical Activity and Life Stage Exercise Guidelines
Authors: American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) (2023)
Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association
Nutrition and Feeding Management of the Backyard Flock
Authors: University of Georgia (UGA) Cooperative Extension (2023)
UGA Extension Circular 969
State of the Pet Sitting Industry: Professional Rates and Services Survey
Authors: Pet Sitters International (PSI) (2023)
PSI Annual Professional Industry Reports
Feline Reproduction and Queening Care Guidelines
Authors: International Cat Care (iCatCare) Veterinary Medical Committee (2022)
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery & iCatCare Guidelines
Emergency Decontamination and Emetic Therapy in Small Animal Practice
Authors: American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) Animal Poison Control Center (2022)
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice
Meat & Dairy Goat Reproduction and Gestation Management
Authors: Langston University American Institute for Goat Research (2022)
Langston University Research & Extension Publications
Sheep Production Handbook (Volume 8): Gestation, Lambing & Ewe Care
Authors: American Sheep Industry Association (ASI) (2021)
Sheep Industry Development Program (SID)
Small Flock Poultry Housing: Space, Roosting, and Ventilation Recommendations
Authors: Penn State Extension Agricultural Sciences (2022)
Penn State Extension Poultry Guidelines
WSAVA Feline Body Condition Score System and Ideal Weight Assessment
Authors: World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) (2021)
WSAVA Global Nutrition Guidelines
Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook (10th Edition)
Authors: Plumb, Donald C., PharmD (2023)
Wiley-Blackwell Publishing
FDA Freedom of Information Summary: Carprofen Chewable Tablets for Dogs (NADA 141-053)
Authors: FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) (2022)
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
2022 AAHA Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats
Authors: American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) (2022)
Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association (JAAHA)
FDA Freedom of Information Summary: Metacam (Meloxicam) 1.5 mg/mL Oral Suspension (NADA 141-213)
Authors: FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) (2020)
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Allium species poisoning in dogs and cats: pathophysiology and clinical management
Authors: Salgado, B. S., Monteiro, L. N., & Rocha, N. S. (2011)
Veterinary Medicine International, 2011: 540763
Human NSAID and Acetaminophen Toxicosis in Dogs and Cats
Authors: ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) Veterinary Toxicology Panel (2022)
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice
2013 AAHA/AAFP Fluid Therapy Guidelines for Dogs and Cats
Authors: Davis, H., Jensen, T., Johnson, A., et al. (2013)
Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 49(3), 149-159
Pathophysiology, Prognosis, and Medical Management of Heatstroke in Dogs
Authors: Bruchim, Y., Loeb, E., Kelmer, E., et al. (2017)
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 31(2), 273-282